It’s time to test some of your knowledge on Malaysian culture! Regardless if you’re patriotic or not, it can’t be mistaken that Malaysia is a country steeped in rich culture and history. One of the most visible aspects of this can be seen in the use of honorific title names given to the different states of the nation.

As a Malaysian, you must have at some point of your life heard the full name of a state.

For example, the state of Perak is also known as Perak Darul Ridzuan. Darul Ridzuan is an Arabic honorific – something that most states with a monarch in Malaysia have.

But how many of us Malaysians actually know the meaning of these state titles?

“Darul” is a title derived from the Arabic word “Dar-ul” which means “House of ” or “Home of”. Which is then followed up by a characteristic specific to the state’s own unique identity making the full titles of these states to be loosely translated to “Abode of …”

Most of these title names are chosen by the Sultan from their respective states. The more you know!

So let’s open the book of ‘Daruls’ and get enlightened on some good ol’ Malaysian facts

1. Johor Darul Ta’zim – Abode of Dignity

First up on our list is the rich state of Johor. This state’s full official name is Johor Darul Ta’zim, which translates to Johor “Abode of Dignity” from Arabic. It’s also believed that this southernmost city got it’s name from the Arabic word “Jauhar” which means jewels.

2. Kedah Darul Aman – Abode of Peace

This state is considered the “rice bowl” of Malaysia as it produces one third of the nations rice. Home to serene green paddy fields and the beautiful Langkawi Island, it’s no wonder this Malaysian state is known for it’s peaceful vibes. That’s a pretty fitting Darul title!

Being one of the oldest Sultanates of Malaysia, Kedah is believed to be the first state to adopt an Arabic honorific which was followed suit by the other surrounding states in the peninsular as they began to convert to Islam.

3. Kelantan Darul Naim – Abode of Bliss

Next up we have Kelantan Darul Naim that’s loosely translates to “The Blissful Abode“. Kind of ironic actually, for a number of reasons… One of them being the fact that this state is also occasionally referred to as the Land of Lightning due to it’s thunderstorms.

4. Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus – The Special Abode

Negeri Sembilan is known as Darul Khusus, which translates to “The Special Abode“. Seeing as this state actually elects their own ruler known as Yang di-Pertuan Besar instead of a Sultan, a hereditary monarch like the other royal Malay states, Negeri Sembilan’s ruling system is pretty special, making it one of the more democratic monarchies in the whole of Malaysia.

5. Pahang Darul Makmur – Abode of Prosperity

Seeing as this is the largest state in peninsular Malaysia, housing 130 million years old dense rainforests like the Taman Negara (National Park), it’s no surprise that Pahang holds the prosperity title.

6. Perak Darul Ridzuan – Abode of Grace

Perak Darul Ridzuan translates to “Abode of Grace“, believed to have been accepted by one of the Sultans of Perak on the advice of scholars since a looong time ago during the 18th century, between the years 1700 and 1799.

7. Selangor Darul Ehsan – Abode of Sincerity

Selangor is known as Darul Ehsan, which means “Abode of Sincerity“. Fun fact alert! Though many are unsure of the exact origins of the Selangor name, one local legend says that the name referred to a fly called “langau” long ago that defeated a roaming warrior. That’s one tough fly!

Soon after the defeat, the warrior decides to reside there, giving the are name “se-langau”, which later became “Selangor”.

8. Terengganu Darul Iman – Abode of Faith

Terengganu’s house state name means Abode of Faith. The origins of Darul Iman as a title for the state of Terengganu is still unknown. However, according to history, Al-Marhum Sultan Umar who ruled Terengganu from around 1839 to 1876 is said to have nicknamed this state as Darus-Salam.

Bonus Round! 

Other states have their own unique titles too but no Darul as they aren’t ruled by a state monarch.

Scroll down to discover the titles names for the other states like Melaka, Sabah and Sarawak.

9. Pulau Pinang, Pulau Mutiara – Island of Pearls

10. Sabah, Negeri Di Bawah Bayu – Land Below the Wind

11. Sarawak, Bumi Kenyalang – Land of the Hornbills

12. Melaka, Bandar Bersejarah – The Historic City

13. Perlis Indera Kayangan

Notice how this state holds no Arabic honourifc of Darul? Malaysia’s smallest state holds the most controversy with it’s title. Perlis used to be Perlis Indera Kayangan, which is said to loosely translate to the Hindu god (Indera/Indra) on its throne (Kayangan).

Though many viewed Perlis Indera Kayangan as “Abode of Heavens” the state’s title was officially removed and Perlis’s full name became just, “Perlis”.

In 2015, the state officially announced it has no Darul or title as decreed by the King of Perlis Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Putra Jamalullail.

This comes as many Perlis religious figures view the word Indera Kayangan relating too closely to Hinduism deities and teachings.

The Darul Honorifics and other state titles in Malaysia are an important part of the country’s tradition and culture. By understanding the meanings and significance of these titles, we can gain a deeper appreciation for each state’s unique identity.

So there you have it, if you ever find yourself having to list the full names of Malaysian states during a trivia game or something of the like, you’ll clearly know your stuff!

How many of the honorific titles above did you guess right? Let us know in the comments! 

Also Read: 13 Signature Dishes From Each Malaysian State You Must Try At Least Once